顾家北学业交流贴_(最近更新, Current issues assignment 2, ethics essay tutorial)

蹦级之神

请问顾老师有没有416610marketing law   2500字的assignment的讲解呢，，，

顾家北

书面表达和口语表达的一个主要的不同之处在于书面表达需要灵活和多变。在口语表达中, 很多时候重复地使用某个单词或者说法可能并无不妥; 反观书面表达, 同一个意思需要在文章中用不同的方式表达出来, 这样才可能展示一个人好的语言功底。书面表达的多样化主要可以使用以下三种方法。



方法1: 使用近义词。

这种方法最为简单。

例1:  Poverty is endangering tens of thousands of lives in underdeveloped countries.

改写这个句子可以寻找endanger的同义词。

Poverty is threatening tens of thousands of lives in underdeveloped countries.



例2: Education is regarded as an important factor contributing to personal success.

改写这个句子可以寻找regard的同义词。

Education is perceived as an important factor contributing to personal success.



方法2: 使用一个单词的衍生词。

这种方法往往需要改变句子的结构。

例1:  Computer technology allows us to work efficiently.

可以尝试使用efficiently的名词和形容词。

Computer technology improves our work efficiency.

Computer technology makes our work more efficient.

例2: Parenting is important to children’s wellbeing.

可以尝试使用important的名词。

Parenting is of vital importance to children’s wellbeing.

The importance of parenting to children’s wellbeing is indisputable.



方法3: 通过句子结构的变化。

这种方法需要学生熟悉英文语法。

例1:  Many people have attributed the rise in violent crime to the increased media coverage of violence.

这句话的句子结构是用了一个词组”attribute…to…”。在搞清楚这个句子的逻辑关系后, 就可以改变句子结构和使用近义词来变化表达的方式。

Increased media coverage of violence has been cited by many people as the reason why violent crime has been on the rise.

People have realised that there is a causal relationship between media coverage of violence and real-world violence.

例2:  In a multicultural society, any visitor will receive hospitality regardless of race and ethnicity.

这句话的主要意思就是多元文化对任何新成员都很友好; 这句话仿佛没有给我们很多改写的空间。然而, 如果你熟悉语法, 这句话又可以改头换面。

A multicultural society greets any new member with hospitality regardless of race and ethnicity.

A prominent trait of a multicultural society is the tremendous hospitality it offers to every new member, regardless of race and ethnicity.

通过上面的例子, 我们可以看到, 熟悉语法和近义词是丰富表达方法的基础。很多雅思学生依赖生硬的套句, 主要原因是因为他们不懂得语法结构, 所以不能够将句子改变, 使其成为自己个人的表达。在大学作业中, 很多学生面对2000-3000字的作业感到无从下手, 主要也是因为他们不懂得怎么将书本的内容巧妙地改写。在我的书中, 每篇文章下面都总结了同义词。这事实上只是丰富表达方法走出的第一步。在我的作文培训中, 句子结构是基础, 也是我第一周培训的主要内容。没有这个基础, 不可能写合格的文章, 更不可能写优秀的文章。如果英文学习还停留在死背套句上, 留学是很痛苦的过程。

顾家北

写大学作业的时候, Proofreading很重要的, 然而, Proofreading不仅仅是修改语法, 因为事实上, 大学老师很多时候对语法错误还是可以容忍的, 特别是本科学生, Proofreading主要包括以下一些内容:

1, 修改观点, 检查观点是否符合题目的要求, 特别是修改段落的中心句, 使其和题目相符,
2, 修改段落里的句子逻辑, 很多同学写作业的时候都是东拼西凑写成的, 因此句子中间缺乏连贯性, 老师一看就知道你是抄来的观点, 就会给很差的分数, 在这种情况下, 学生要用自己的语言, 在句子当中加一些过渡的话, 甚至加上自己对观点的理解, 补充一些例子, 这样就可以获得很好的分数,

当然, 如果你要获得很好的分数, 修改语法也很重要, 一篇没有语法错误, 句式变化比较多, 词汇使用比较灵活的作业, 给老师感觉你是一个有很好学术背景的人, 这样的作业往往能够得到好的分数.

如果学生没有很好的语法基础, 那么就多用简单的句子. 事实上, 只要意思表达清楚, 就可以保证及格了.

Proofreading非常重要, 很多学生花一个多星期写作业, 但是却没有花任何时间去做Proofreading, 所以最后成绩还是很差.

只有英文水平非常高的人, 才能够做到出手就能完成高质量的作业, 而不需要Proofreading. 这样的人是很少的.

现在很多学生都花钱去找人代写, 其实很多代写作业的人本身的英文水平就很一般, 读书的时候也是勉强通过, 或者靠着运气拿过一两次A, 他们根本不足以保证作业的质量和成绩.

因此, 我觉得学生自己写作业, 然后找人做PROOFREADING更为经济和实惠.

顾家北

很多同学写作业不知道怎么去找JOUARNAL ARTICLES.

本人写作业, 一般常用的是EMERALD, 里面有很多JOUARNAL ARTICLES. 读到大学三年级后, ESSAY和REPORT的要求增加, 老师非常看重你REFERENCES的质量, 多在EMERALD里找文章, 分数会提高

新西兰本地的报纸和杂志, 可以去NZTEXT

商业杂志, 可以去ABI/INFORM Global (ProQuest)

有时候我会使用GOOGLE SCHOLAR或者GOOGLE BOOK, 去补充不同学科的基本知识, 快而简便.

懂得使用这四个资源, 硕士都够用了.

顾家北

我昨天看了一下我的TIMETABLE, 发现星期四下午我是要工作的, 可能要将WORKSHOP提早一点, 但是考虑到DUE DATE已经快到了, 所以我这几天会每天写点ETHICS作业的要领, 和这门课的一些理论. 这样也方便以后读ETHICS的同学查阅.


ETHICS是我自己最喜欢的一门课, 因为它比较系统地总结了历史上几个著名社会学家和哲学家对ETHICS的理解. 这门课的目的是要大家了解这些著名学者的观点和理论, 用于日常道德判断.

我从2004年开始辅导AUT学生ETHICS, 这些年来, ETHICS基本上没有很大的改变, 一般来说, 就是第一个作业是个ESSAY; 上个学期, AUT变成第二个作业是个ESSAY. 我先从目前的ESSAY开始说起, 以后有时间, 再说说第二个作业怎么写.

写这门课的ESSAY要注意三点, 如果你想拿高分.
1, 注意理解理论的实质, 不要光是把理论抄上去(这是大部分学生FAIL的原因),
2, 注意讨论, 怎么将理论应用于你自己选的CASE,
3, 注意语法和表达. 否则再好的理论, 分数也不会很高,最多就是B

第一个作业要讨论的理论是utilitarianism, kantism and virtue ethics, 但是重点是前面两个理论. 事实上,我们生活大部分的道德决定, 都是体现在utilitarianism和kantism这两个理论, 他们是相反的, 前者强调世界上没有绝对的道德准则, 任何的东西都要按照情况决定, 后者强调道德有准则, 不管情况怎么改变, 人一定要遵从这些准则.

我就用最近的电影<<风声>>做个解释, 这个电影里, 我们看到日本人不断的严刑逼供, 而地下党员不断地说谎.

在utilitarianism里, 说谎是可以的, 只要说谎能够得到最大的好处, 譬如说地下党撒谎, 保护了其他的党员, 从而保证了抗日的胜利, 而抗日的胜利, 又是对所有中国人都是好的(因为中国人比日本人多), 所以说谎是好的.

在kantism里, 说谎是绝对不好的, 因为人不能说谎, 这是原则, 按照KANT的一个论点, 就是中文的"己所不欲, 勿施于人", 也就是你如果不想别人对你说谎, 那么你也不要对别人说谎.  换句话说, 哪天抓到一个日本鬼子, 你也拷问他, 你肯定希望日本鬼子透露你要的信息; 他不说, 那么就会对你不利. 为了那一天的到来, 所以今天我们被日本鬼子逮到了, 我们也不能说谎! 这就是KANT这个貌似古怪的理论的实质, 在做任何事情, 想一想, 别人在这种情况下, 会不会象我们这样做, 如果会, 就做, 不会,就不做.

累了, 明天再写.

utilitarianism一定要把下面几个点踩了:

the main principle: the right action is the action that creates the greatest amount of happiness for all people concerned compared to all other alternative actions.

impartial: the theory treats everybody's pleasure equally.

People concerned: the theory requires us to consider all people affected by our actions.

consequences: the theory is interested in consequences of an action or its alternatives in different contexts.

the first drawback of the theory: it is difficult to calculate the long-term consequence and the immediate consequence.

the second drawback of the theory: too often, the theory requires people to accept harm for the pleasure gained.

我举个例子, 譬如说有一些公司歧视休产假的女员工, 在她们回来之后减少她们的福利和薪水, 这种行为如果 用utilitarianism分析:

the main principle: we should figure out whether the policy can create the maximum amount of happiness for all people concerned if the company chooses to reduce the benefits and salaries of those employees who come back from maternity leave?

impartial: everybody's happiness is the same, employees, shareholders, managers, customers, suppliers, and the public.

People concerned: female employees who earn less than before are apparently people affected by the policy. these employees' family, including their husbands and babies, are also affected. the company's shareholders are also affected because the organisation has less spending on wages and salaries. Meanwhile, we can also assume that if the company is successful in cost control, it might be able to provide service at a lower cost, so customers can be benefited.


consequences: in the short term, female employees and their family suffer, but in the long term, there might be more negative consequences. for example, women who have competencies would not choose to work for this company because they have heard that the company does not treat female employees well.

the first drawback of the theory: as discussed above.


the second drawback of the theory: so even though more people will benefit from the policy than those who suffer from the policy,  does it mean that female employees' suffering and their family's suffering are acceptable if other people are happy?

希望这样写能够帮助大家理解, 有问题可以提问.

关于选择ISSUE,
在选择ARTICLE的时候, 一定要注意选择那些比较有争议性的话题, 而不是一边倒的话题.
我选过的一些话题包括:
一些公司专门制作一些广告针对小孩, 强迫父母买一些产品, (好象促销也无可非议, 但是针对没有判断能力的儿童又不是很道德)
一些公司专门雇佣一些留学生, 年轻人工作, 不支付加班费, 或者加长他们的工作时间(虽然为年轻人提供就业机会, 但是仿佛同时有剥削劳动力的嫌疑)
一些公司, 譬如说超市, 一些马上就要到期的食物, 还摆出来卖, 顾客一不留意, 就会买到快过期的食物(顾客需要看日期, 但是公司仿佛利用顾客的粗心来赚钱)
一些电子公司, 虽然许诺免费修理或者换零件, 但是很多时候, 却是将二手的零件换上去(电器公司本来就没有许诺一定要换新的零件, 虽然顾客经常以为换的是新零件)
很多商店, 都许诺不好的商品, 可以REFUND, 但是却在RECEIPT的上面, 用小字标明REFUND有条件限制.

Kantism, 讨论这个理论的时候, 大家要踩准下面一些点:
Kantism defines an action as right or wrong and disregards consequences of the action
Kantism argues that one should act from duty and act from principle, so the action will have moral worth.
Kantism believes that people have inclination to do something but duty can give them a good guideline.
the first categorical imperative is "act only acording to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law". (己所不欲, 勿施于人)
the second categorical imperative is "act in such a way that you always treat humanity, where in your own person, or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end." (不能够牺牲别人来满足自己的目的)
One major criticism of kantism is that it totally ignores persons' emotions. (譬如说地下党员说谎的时候, 我们不是赞扬, 而是批评, 这样我们会快乐吗? 我们难道不同情那些为了革命而牺牲自己生命的人? )
another criticism is that it is not easy to find a universal law. (譬如说体罚, 在中国人们觉得很正常, 甚至是好的, 而在新西兰, 则是被谴责的. 我们很难说体罚违反了世界的一个法则.)

讨论的时候, 可以把这些点一个个列出来,然后用你们自己选择的CASE来讨论, 永远记得, 你论述的能力和质量决定了你的分数, 老师并不看你抄理论抄得多么好.

Virtue ethics
这是亚历士多德的理论, 亚翁认为, 追崇美德的人生是快乐的人生(the life of virtue is a happy life)
亚翁也认为, 一个人是否具备美德, 要看他/她的行为, 要看他/她自己的道德判断, 这是所谓的first-person approach, 而之前我们说过的两个理论, 都是强调一个人去学习道德规则, 然后再去应用, 那是third-person approach.(这一点一定要踩准, 得分点.)
譬如说, 我手里有一碗饭, 这碗饭只能救活一个人, 要么是我的孩子, 要么是我邻居的孩子, 那么这碗饭给谁呢?
在这种情况下, UTILITALIANISM不能给出答案, 因为人的快乐是平等的, 我自己的孩子和我邻居的孩子同等重要.
KANTISM可能倾向于把饭留给邻居的孩子, 因为无私是一个普世原则.
在VIRTUE ETHICS, 很难得出结论. 因为你把饭给了邻居的孩子, 为了自己的美名而让自己的孩子饿死, 这也不是美德.
Virtue ethics的两大缺点,
provide no guidance for action because it focuses on virtues only.
some virtues are in conflict.
譬如说我和我的同事A是极好的朋友, 同事A说同事B的坏话, 并要求我帮忙散播这些坏话, 很明显, 一方面, 我要对同事A忠诚, loyalty is a virtue;另外一方面, 我却发现这些坏话事实上是谎言, honesty is another virtue. 那么这个时候怎么办呢? virtue ethics不能给出任何的答案.
又譬如说一个女人有了外遇, 要和丈夫离婚. 那么大家都说这个女人不守妇道, 是的, 一方面, 人要对婚姻忠诚, 那是 loyalty; 然而,另外一方面, 人也有追求快乐的权利, 不爱一个人, 却要和这个人一起生活, 这也是一种不诚实;这个时候, loyalty and honesty are once again in conflict, virtue ethics不能给出任何的答案.
说完这几个理论, 我们不难发现, 理论不是真理, 只是引导我们去思维. 这也是做ETHICS 作业的一个重要原则, 不要执着于对或者错, 世界的对错都是相对的. 关键是怎么去应用理论, 怎么去进行论述. 只要你的推理得当, 理论理解正确, 表达清楚,就是B以上的作业.

顾家北

about the MBR essay

the requirement is about using five theories.
the length is 1,000 words.
given the length, it is impossible to to fully discuss all theories in detail.
therefore, the explanation of theories should be concise, while the application of theories is of importance.

the discussion of each issue, I recommend, follows the following structure.
fact (from case scenario)  concise
theory (from textbook or any other source) concise
how the theory applies in the case,  in detail
recommendation.  (cite the theory again) concise

hope it helps.

155029

这个绝对要支持阿，上次多亏了你的指点阿，要不我的ethics可能要挂了，早知道就找你指点一下taxation了，不过已经交上去了，写的好郁闷阿，下次有困难一定要找你才行阿

pavilion

世界因你而美丽，顶！

huoxuhaihao

请问修改语法是收费的吗？？

顾家北

39# huoxuhaihao

yes, proofreading is not simply about grammar but also about your points, line of argument.
50-70 dollars per thousand words.

顾家北

about current issues in financial accounting

the students should answer these questions:

what are the objectives of NZ financial reporting framework? (1-2 paragraphs)
why externally acquired intangible assets are recognised? (2 paragraphs)
why internally generated intangible assets are normally not recognised (3 paragraphs)
are there situations in which internally generated intangbiel assets should be recognised? (3 paragraphs)

the articles provided by the lecturer are quite useful. read them and identify useful points.

then expand these points with information you gain from other sources, (such as E-journal).

顾家北

about BIM report.

this report appears to be easier than those in previous semesters, because it requires the analysis of one company only.

you might use NZtext or some companies' annual report to get information about the tourist industry.

to the best of my knowledge, NZ economy is recovering, although still fragile.

the number of tourists to NZ, especially those from australia, has increased (because of appreciated Aussie)

you might also use NZ statistics to support your findings.

you might be expected to discuss more in the accounting section.

bear in mind that the purpose of the report is to give investment advice.   so don't forget to give your advice in conclusions and recommendations.

天使等同恶魔

如果我先写好ESSAY， 请你辅导，可以要求你帮我改到B以上这样的要求吗

隐君子

it is not easy to get a B......

顾家北

43# 天使等同恶魔

nobody can guarantee B
but my clients get an average of B.

it does not mean that everybody gets B.

顾家北

For the case scenario given by the lecturer for this exam, I suppose that it is more likely to test the theory of "virtue ethics".
For those who attended last night's tutorial, I am sorry i did not elaborate on the fourth case scenario, so today i put more information about this. hopefully it can help you get an insight into "Virtue Ethics".


Our nature, the nature of humans allows all kinds of behaviour. I mean every one of us under some circumstances could be a gas chamber attendant and a saint. Depends on all sorts of things.

according to virtue ethics, people are born with different natural tendencies. some natural tendencies are positive. for example, we have the nature of being compassionate, altruistic and also sympathetic.
some natural tendencies are negative. for example, we are selfish, aggressive and violent in nature.
that's why in the case, one can be a gas chamber attendant or a saint.




These things are not written in your genes. And the people are, have a fundamental moral nature. I don’t doubt that like if you see a starving child and you can steal food from him and there’s no policeman around very few people would do it. If they would do it they’re really pathological. I mean there’s some pathological extremes. But ordinarily, people wouldn’t behave like that.

They do behave like that on a massive scale, massive scale. But they’re unaware of it and there’s a huge indoctrination system designed to make them unaware of it. And even to make them think that the starving child is stealing from them so we’re the victims. That’s what propaganda and regimentation are all about. And it sort of works and it erodes the moral character. It prevents you from looking at what you yourself are doing, or what your leaders are doing. And worry about somebody else. You see that all the time.

according to virtue ethics, one's character development can be affected by a number of factors, such as "leader", the society they grew up, education (such as indoctrination system and propaganda). therefore, sometimes, people behave in a specific manner (doing bad things) because of the influence of these external factors. these factors have pressured them to behave in one way rather than the other.

… So the people can be very moral. But they’re acting within institutional structures, constructed systems in which only certain options are easy to pursue. Others are very hard to pursue.

That’s one drawback of virtue ethics. We blame or praise virtuous agents for their behaviours, but in fact, sometimes, their behaviours are not under their control. Yes, virtuous persons are expected to act consistently according to moral principles and virtues. However, sometimes, they fail to receive help and encouragement they need to attain moral maturity.
For example, in World War II, many German soldiers participated in slaughtering of Jewish people, even though this behaviour was against their nature.



on other occasions, of course, when they receive encouragement and they are put in a right environment, they can always rely on the practice of wisdom and judgement to get moral excellence. this can take one life to achieve.

a good example is that in New Zealand, i have never tried to jump the queue. but in China, i always did that, although i hated doing that.

顾家北

about the second case scenario,
if utilitarianism's drawback is discussed, (e.g., accept harm for the happiness gained)

it is clear that those women who accept income (happiness) while having to work long hours (pain).

cibi

DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD

顾家北

about 416612

it is quite clear from the textbook that the director is personally liable if he/she commits a deceit, gives misleading or fraudulent statement and also fails to perform a duty of care.
however, in giving negligence, the director might be not personally liable if not assuming any personal responsibility.

Ardell假睫毛

TURNITIN的系统有五级,
很多学生以为整个文章布满INTEXT REFERENCES,就是好文章, 未必. 老师即便没有证据证明你是抄袭, 也不会给好的分数. 3 e, l0 @' f! k% t3 B1 Z9 H
! t9 D* m0 m2 a# D3 l
事实上, 所谓避免TURNITIN, 巧用资源写自己的文章, 不是一个难事. 顾家北 发表于 2009-8-7 19:07

我觉得这不是绝对的，要看作业的要求，例如要求的是research report，不能带入自己的观点，那这种文章一般都是布满references，所以还是要看具体要求是什么。

日不落的爱情

so a u familiar with the AUT ETHICS part after week 7 (socila contract, distribution justice,capitalism...?)

顾家北

about current issues in accounting

i have to admit that this assignment is unreasonably hard (harder than previous semesters), concerning the weight of each section, i have following suggestions.

a.        Article descriptors (title, journal, authors and date) and the accounting topic covered. (50 words)
b.        Objectives of the study reported  (50 words)
c.        Bodies of literature drawn on  (200-300 words)
d.        The articles research design  (50 words)
e.        The articles main findings   (400-500 words)
f.        Implications of the study for accounting theory and practice (600-700 words)

you might use more than 8 references in the whole review.

with regard to the articles, personally i think that the 2nd one is the hardest. the 3rd one is not valuable for this paper(i have no idea why the paper coordinator chose this paper, showing that he is bookish?)  the fourth one is easy, and it is covered in the week 9. the first and the fifth cover various topics, such as governance, full disclosure, creative accounting. the final one is also covered in the week 9, but the language is slightly ambiguous and unintelligible.

Arnold, P. (2009). Global financial crisis: the challenge to accounting research. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 34: 803-809.

Baldvinsdottir, G., Burns, J., Norreklit, H.  & Scapens, R. (2009). The image of accountants: from bean counters to extreme accountants.  Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal. 22(6): 858-882.

Cooper, C. (1992). The non and nom of accounting for (m)other nature. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability, 5(3): 16- 39.

Gray, R., Walters, D., Bebbington, J. & Thompson, I. (1995).  The greening of enterprise: an exploration of the (non) role of environmental accounting and environmental accountants in organizational change. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 6: 211-239.

Sikka, P. & Hampton, M. (2005). The role of accountancy firms in tax avoidance: some evidence and issues. Accounting Forum, 29(3):325-343.

Tinker, T., Lehman, C. & Neimark, M. (1991). Falling down the hole in the middle of the road: Political quietism in corporate social reporting. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 4(2): 28-54.

顾家北

about ethics, in this sunday's tutorial, i will cover the following issues:

1. the relevant chapters and main ideas
2. what these topics mean
3. what to write for each topic
4. how to write a good ethics essay

the tutorial is around 2 hours or slightly longer.

顾家北

about the selection of topics in ethics

topic one, personally i recommend that you do not touch it. it is complex and also related to a company's background information. i have no time to get the insight into this company.

topic two, the second hardest. it is mainly about capitalism/socialism, social responsibility

topic three, easy, information is available in the reading pact.. in fact, the reading material gives an answer to the essay question. you can identify it if you read it carefully.

topic four, easy, if you cannot finish the essay by discussing Nozick's theory only, you might discuss capitalism/socialism as well.  i don't think libertarian model is readily achievable.

see your guys tomorrow.

gristin

请问可以谈一下写475130的40%的ESSAY（RECESSION OR CLIMATE CHANGE）的注意事项吗吗？为什么很多人包括本地学生都FAIL了？

顾家北

55# gristin

is it the globalisation essay?

真之关公

顾家北， 我在背后听了有关于你“毛手毛脚”。 不管是真还是假，我暂不做判断，但是就告诉你注意一下。

你发学术贴帮助别人，我很支持，但是根据Skykiwi社区的条款，请你把你签名的联系方式去掉，谢谢合作

4、Skykiwi社区禁止任何未经授权的直接/变相宣传论坛及广告. 禁止内容包括主题, 回复, ID, 头像, 联系方式, 链接, 签名图片(包含与ID所交易的物品有直接关系)等, 如有发现管理人员将对其进行修改, 第二次ID将被禁言3天, 三次永久禁言.

顾家北

57# 真之关公
请你注意你的言语,
你的版主位置是SKYKIWI赋予的职权, 不代表你的智慧比人高一等, 你不是法官, 你没有判断的权利, 你即便是法官, 你也需要通过"事实", 而不是"传闻"来发表你的言论,
如果你的指控由事实支持, 并且你是当事人, 是我对你毛手毛脚, 请来控告我, 否则, 请你给我道歉, 我假设你是成年人, 你需要知道你行为的后果,
你要知道你和普通的网友不同, 他们可以在网络上随便发表言论,因为很难去追查他们, 但是你是版主, 就是另外一回事了.
关于签名, 我不能修改, 因为寻求帮助的学生需要通过这个信息联系我, 如果你觉得触犯了SKYKIWI的规定,请把整个贴删除, 帮助别人是我的初衷, 我没有必要为这个事情在这里蒙羞.