顾家北学业交流贴_(最近更新, Current issues assignment 2, ethics essay tutorial)

顾家北

这一阵有一些朋友在QQ上问我一些学业问题, 我发现他们问的问题比较一致, 对AUT学业和作业缺乏一些基本的认识, 所以在这里开个贴, 希望有一个和AUT朋友交流的空间, 并形成好的学业交流传统, 对以后的AUT新生也有帮助, 寻找信息相对也容易点.

以后我也整理有关大学学业的文章, 放在这个贴里.

为了保护已经参加培训的同学的利益, 我在回答作业相关问题的时候, 可能会比较简略, 不如人意之处, 还望原谅.

for anybody who posts questions here, please follow the format:

question:
paper name:

so i can give an answer promptly.

this is an example

Question: what does free market and government intervention mean?
Paper: globalisation


My answer might appear in this manner:

free market means that the government would not implement any policy or take any action to affect how a market functions or performs.

government intervention is basically an antonym of free market, which means that the government can use different methods (such as government spending, taxation, new laws, and so forth) to intervene in the economy.

you need to find an article which shows that the government has either followed free market ideology or disobeyed it (i.e., choosing to intervene in the market).

[ 本帖最后由 顾家北 于 2009-9-3 10:24 编辑 ]

顾家北

写大学Essay的高分技巧
很多同学经常为Essay犯难，而Essay恰恰又是大学最常见的作业形式。事实上，只要大家可以掌握好下面的一些技巧，应付Essay会变得比较容易。

1，        理解相关的概念。
很多同学做作业完全被RESEARCH左右，东抄西抄，抄到面目全非，抄到连基本的概念都忘记阐述。好的作业，应该在作业的开始部分，将讨论的主要概念阐述清楚，这样确保作业不至于离题。下面用Massey University的１５７．３４０做个例子。
Discuss and analyse how intellectual capital might affect the implementation and management of organizational KM and wider organizational structural and processes.

这道题目的重点是在讨论＂intellectual capital＂，学生因此需要查书,　上课的notes,　还有做research，来确定＂intellectual capital＂的含义，而不是急着把任何关于＂intellectual capital＂的资料往作业里放。　

2，        紧扣课程内容。

虽然大部分的essays都要求学生做RESEARCH，但是RESEARCH的内容纯粹是枝叶，作业的主干是基本的理论。在这方面，Massey和AUT的老师非常厚道，将上课的主要内容都写在了Class notes上面，一目了然。学生只要找到相关章节，就可以获得有用的观点。相比之下，奥大的老师内心比较黑暗，Class notes总是做得过分简单，非要逼着学生把一章书啃完，慢慢琢磨重点。下面用Massey University的１１４．２４１做个例子。
Discuss and explain the function of effective selection in relation to organisational success
这道题目的重点是在讨论＂effective selection＂，翻开老师的slides,　不难发现在Human resources专门有一章关于Selection，只要把Selection相关的功能和作用分析,　详细阐述，就是一篇完整的文章，根本不需要将一本厚厚的书读懂。

3，        理解题目的重点。

Essay的题目一般都会给出一个可以讨论的话题。写好这类ESSAY的第一步，就是理解题目，清楚题目的重心和课本上所属章节。很多同学没有读懂题目，把任何看上去差不多的内容，一股脑儿扔在作业上，这样不会给作业带来任何的分数，反而引起老师的反感。下面用Massey University的１５２．７００做个例子．

Discuss the consequences to management practice of the recent trend to flatten hierarchies in organisations.

这句话的语法结构相对来说比较复杂，　题目讨论的中心在于＂flatten hierarchies＂对管理产生的影响。　很多同学如果写＂flatten hierarchies＂的优点和缺点，就完全偏题，零分都有可能。

4，        使用相关的例子。

  Essay得高分的一个关键是实例的使用。枯燥的陈述理论不仅让作业看上去很空洞，而且让老师感觉学生并不真正懂得这些理论的道理。况且很多学生的语言能力不是很好，搬用的资料七拼八凑的放在一篇文章里，前言不搭后语，老师最多就给个同情分。解决这个问题的最好方法，就是使用一些世界闻名企业或者新西兰企业的例子，将一些理论和观点进行阐述。有时候，这些例子可能未必真的有关连，但是只要使用，就会增加作业的魅力，让老师眼前一亮，大大提高分数。下面用 Massey University的１５２．３００做个例子。

Describe the potential advantages and disadvantages of global expansion. Are the pros and cons the same for small firms as they are for large ones? Are they the same for firms headquartered in developed and developing countries? Are they the same for service firms and manufacturers? Justify your response with reference to relevant concepts and debate from authors of journals and texts on the subject.  

写这个essay，给了我们很多机会去讨论新西兰和国际的一些大企业怎么扩张,　遇到的问题和挑战,　获得的利益和优惠．新西兰的Fonterra,　美国的Starbucks, 中国的海尔等，都可以作为例子。旁征博引的文章，老师必定是喜欢的。
　
我们的作业培训，会根据不同的作业题目，建议学生使用什么样的企业作为例子。事实上,　当学生熟悉了这些企业后,　他们在很多科目的作业里,　都可以使用类似的例子．大学作业其实就是看上去困难,　但是如果掌握了一定技巧，做起来就得心应手．　　

5，        清晰明了。

和会计、金融的作业相比，大学老师比较害怕批改essay，毕竟批改起来比较费时。特别是很多学生的语言能力不好，修改起来更是味同嚼蜡。如何在一大堆让老师痛苦的作业中脱颖而出，观点的清晰和表达的直接是关键。在这个方面, 段落中心句, 段落长度和描述, 甚至加上subheadings，　都是比较有效的方法。以ＡＵＴ的Globalisation 的Essay为例。
Discuss the impact of a global event on a New Zealand business and wider business society.

在这个Essay里,　学生要讨论经济和社会学的知识.　宏观经济学有很多相关概念,　学生要有效地归纳这些概念,　还要清晰地罗列观点，有效地展示自己的知识,　需要文字上的特殊处理.　

so

支持支持，必须的！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！

pavilion

楼主，我刚刚收到了你帮我修改的作业，你只加了两句话，但是让我思路大开，厉害！
只想说一句：人和人的差距咋就那么大呢？ 谢谢啦，永远支持你！

顾家北

TURNITIN的系统有五级,
按文章类似程度分成蓝, 绿, 黄,橙,红

一般来说, 常见的抄袭有两种:
一种是在不同的来源找出一些句子, 将它们放在一起, 句子的主要字眼不变, 并且没有注明出处
一种是虽然将句子改写, 也说明了出处, 但是却没有自己的分析, 也被认为是抄袭

很多学生以为整个文章布满INTEXT REFERENCES,就是好文章, 未必. 老师即便没有证据证明你是抄袭, 也不会给好的分数.

事实上, 所谓避免TURNITIN, 巧用资源写自己的文章, 不是一个难事.
很多同学费劲心机,到处找资料,捏在一起, 才是吃力不讨好的累活.

顾家北

如何写雅思，SAT作文和大学ESSAY的开头句



在教学过程中，我发现很多学生在文章开头句上花很多时间，却又一筹莫展。在我的书中，我解释了开头句是和题目相关的一个事实描述。下面我进一步阐述开头句的常用三种思路。



思路1：阐述一个一直存在的事实或者问题



雅思作文题目：

Leisure is a growing industry. Nowadays, more modern technology is used in entertainment, which may lead people to be less creative. Do you agree or disagree?

开头句范例：The importance of leisure to one’s wellbeing can hardly be exaggerated.

大意：休闲娱乐对人健康和快乐的重要性再强调也不会过分。



SAT作文题目：



Does progress depend on people with new ideas rather than on people whose ideas are based on the current way of doing things?



开头句范例：More often than not, people are in a dilemma between innovation and tradition.

大意：很多时候，人们总有选择革新或者传统的尴尬。



大学作业题目：

Identify and examine the drivers of changes (Massey 152.303 Change Management)



开头句范例：How to cope with changes has appeared to be a common issue an organisation has to address in its decision making, especially strategic decision making.



大意：如何处理经营环境中的变化看起来是公司在决策，特别是策略性决策中需要经常应付的事情。



思路2：阐述一个最近出现的问题



雅思作文题目：

Now people possibly perform everyday tasks such as banking, shopping and business transaction without meeting each other face-to-face.  What are its possible effects on both the individual and the society?

开头句范例：The extensive use of modern technology (such as telecommunications technology) has changed people’s ways of life significantly.

大意：现代科技（特别是电讯科技）的广泛使用已经显著改变人们的生活方式。



SAT作文题目：

Do people depend on work-whether it is a job, schoolwork or volunteer work- to determine what their daily activities and interactions with others should be?

  开头句范例：People have recently been interested in how work affects their social life.

大意：人们最近对工作怎么影响他们社会生活深感兴趣。



  大学作业题目：

(AUT 367901: current issues in financial accounting)

Critically analyse a recent (2008 or 2009) corporate social and environmental report.



开头句范例：In recent years, an increasing number of corporations, especially those which operate internationally, have become regular reporters of their social and environmental performance.  



大意：在最近几年，越来越多的企业，特别是那些国际型企业，已经持续地开始报道他们在社会和环境事务上的进步。



思路3：定义



雅思作文题目：

Some academic subjects are useful for children's future careers, while some subjects such as music and sports are not useful. What’s your opinion?

开头句范例：Academic subjects refer to those subjects that have relevance to the development of skills and knowledge in learners’ future careers.



大意：学术科目是帮助学生提高职业相关的技能和知识的科目。



SAT作文题目：

Should schools help students understand moral choices and social issues?



  开头句范例：moral choices require one to make a decision according to ethical principles that are accepted in a specific society.

大意：道德的抉择需要一个人根据某个特定社会所接受的道德准则做决定。



大学作业题目：

Analyse the impact of subprime mortgage crisis on New Zealand and recommend strategies to cope with this crisis. (Massey 192.102 Writing)



开头句范例：The subprime mortgage crisis is the crisis which stems from the rapid duation of mortgage-backed securities and the collapse of various financial institutions in the US during 2007 and 2008.

大意：美国次贷危机是起源于2007和2008年金融债券快速贬值和金融公司集体崩溃的一场危机。



大家只要熟悉这几种思路，并且练习一些常用句型，掌握基本的语法，写个开头句没有太大问题。

顾家北

写report的五宜五忌

Report是大学另外一种主要的作业形式。Report和Essay的不同之处主要有以下一些方面：
1，        Report的读者群比较特定，有时候一个Report的读者就是公司的管理层；Essay的读者群比较广泛。
2，        Report非常强调标题，副标题，以及目录，让读者更加容易阅读信息；而Essay不会有目录，大部分情况下不需要副标题。
3，        Report一般允许作者通过bullet points的形式列举观点，而Essay要求所有的句子完整。

一般来说，essay仅仅存在于学术界和大学，而report广泛应用于各行各业。特别是比较大型的公司，report是上下级交流很重要的一种手段。因此，掌握report的技能，会让学生终身受用不尽。

写report的过程中，学生需要注意下面五种问题：

1，        段落过长
大部分的report篇幅比较长，需要读者有莫大的耐心，才能读完。即便是语言功力很好的作者，也很难确保读者能够保持阅读的兴趣。因此，中国学生在写report的时候，切记不要出现长段落；否则的话，一些很好的观点，因为“藏”在段落当中，没被老师注意，就会影响最后的分数。一般来说，段落长度不要超过6个句子。

2，        Introduction大段背景介绍
很多学生喜欢在introduction大篇幅地介绍某个公司，或者某个话题，希望充充字数。这是不好的习惯，一般都会让老师非常反感。背景介绍的作用是让读者知道你report的大致内容和范围，并不是report的主要部分，也不会是主要的得分部分。简单和清晰地说明report所针对的问题和公司，就足够得到很好的分数。

3，        Conclusion 出现新信息
很多学生在Conclusion总会画蛇添足，增加一些新的观点，而这些观点在report的主体论述部分没有讨论过。切记西方的report结论就是总结主体部分讨论过和论述过的主要信息。如果学生觉得需要提出建议，那么就增加一个部分—recommendation.

4，        Recommendation 信口开河
很多学生的Recommendation和Conclusion关连不大，经常一厢情愿地将自己的建议写出来。Recommendation里出现的建议应该基于report的讨论，不能够自我想象。

5，        Executive summary写成introduction
很多reports，特别是商业的reports，最开始的部分是Executive summary。Executive summary的功能是让读者知道整个report的主要内容，也就是整个report的精华概述，包括主体论述部分，结论和建议。在工作当中，一个大公司的CEO有时候没有时间去看完一个大的report，往往就会看看Executive summary，如果内容有价值和有意思，CEO才会继续往下看；否则，就会草草答复。Introduction仅仅是告诉读者report的结构，而读者是不可能知道report的具体内容是什么。

在写report的过程中，我一般采取下面的步骤：
Brainstorming----research-----discussion section-----conclusion-----recommendation-----introduction---executive summary----cover page, table of contents

写report的过程中，学生需要注意下面五个高分技巧：
1，        段落的清晰度
Report的每一段话一般以中心句开始，说明这个段落的主要中心思想，这样读者一目了然。段落其余部分围绕中心句进行论述，不要出现新的观点。新的观点不仅让读者觉得很突兀，而且会影响本段的论述。很多学生做research做得很辛苦，搞了几十个references，最后分数却很低。原因很简单，这些学生只是把收集的信息机械地拼在一起，却忘记告诉读者自己的观点是什么。一个表述能力出色的人，不是因为他勤奋，而是因为他聪明，可以将信息清晰地告诉读者。

2，        表达的多样性
Report的篇幅很长，因此需要用各种手段来吸引读者的注意。一个report内容再好，如果只是一段一段的文字，读者会失去耐心。因此，学生需要运用各种表达方式，譬如说表格、图表、照片，这样才可以让读者继续看下去。我在辅导的过程中，有时候“强迫”学生设计一个表格，将两个不同的事物通过表格来对比。学生总是觉得表格过分“简练”，怕自己作业不够字数。然而，后来作业发下来，学生却发现在表格的旁边，往往有老师非常正面的评语。

3，        引用的广泛性
很多学生读了三年的大学，两年的硕士，还是攻克不了references。References是很多学生作业主要丢分的地方。事实上，如果将references巧以利用，不仅可以让作业省时省力，还可以给老师一种“博览群书”的错觉，给一个很好的分数。

4，        信息的连贯性
在写Report的过程中，学生一定要注意讨论、结论和建议的连贯性，确保讨论过的观点得到完全的总结，而总结的问题得到相应的建议。

5，        思维的独立性
之前提的几点，大部分都是作业的技巧，能够帮助学生从一个C类的作业提高到B类的作业。然而，仅仅依靠技巧，是不可能将B类的作业，提高到A类的作业。A类的作业，有一个很重要的特点，就是思维的独立性。这不是要求学生写出与众不同的观点，而是要求学生能够将论述的内容比较有条理地结合，然后将内容按重要的程度排列，让读者觉得这个Report计划周密，思维严谨。这一点可能很多学生都不屑一顾，但是如果以后想进入好的公司工作，掌握这一点，是至关重要的。

顾家北

大学作业的十大误区


在帮助学生应付大学学业的过程中，我发现很多学生对大学作业有着一些误会。这些错误的观念不仅导致他们花费大量的时间在作业上，也导致他们从来不能获得理想的作业分数。很多学生花一个星期在一篇2000字的Essay上，自己感觉已经竭尽全力，但是交作业的时候还是惴惴不安，祈祷一帆风顺，成绩却还是差强人意。其实，作业并非那么困难，只要你掌握作业的技巧，明白大学的要求，以及老师的阅读习惯，就会获得很好的分数。以下是本人总结的十个完成大学作业的误区。如果同学们不能从这些误区走出来，那么大学的学业仍然是非常困难。

误区1：写essay或者report要从introduction写起

写作业如同吃鱼，要从鱼身吃起，而不是鱼头。
我看到很多学生对着Introduction这个heading苦思冥想，毫无头绪。学生写了删除，删除后又重写，反反复复，就introduction就可以写上一天。这是一个错误的做法。
不管essay或者report，introduction都要放到最后写。原因有二：
1，        学生在不知道主体论述部分写什么内容的情况下，Introduction是不可能很快的完成，因为Introduction经常包含对内容的大致介绍。
2，        Introduction的分重很低，只要简单明了，让老师知道大概的论述方向，就达到了目标和效果。
   
误区二：先做Research，再开始写

写作业象看病，小病自己解决，大病再找医生。
以前在大学读书，因为工作的原因，经常需要很短的时间去完成essay。譬如说，在一个很难的research essay上，我只用了四个小时。旁边的同学总是以为我是不上进的学生——他们认为，一个好学生，不可能只花四个小时在作业上。最后成绩出来，30分的作业，班上80%的中国学生只拿了9分，而我拿了22分。很多同学，包括KIWI，都来问我怎么写的，因为这是很著名的杀手课。
其实，我的方法很简单。看到作业的题目，我首先是自己去想，按照常识和上课的内容，去思考大致的观点。每当想到一个观点，我就写下来，并且解释这个观点。且思考且动笔，在没有做research的情况下，我已经写好了700字。
当思维“弹尽粮绝”的时候，我开始做Research。有了自己思考的基础，做Research有很清晰的方向。堆堆填填，缝缝补补，一个1500字的essay就写出来了。
先做research再动笔这个习惯有个很大的弊端：你所看到的一些文章，里面的观点可能是不重要的观点，或者是老师不强调的观点。这些观点写上去，老师不欣赏，只会给你很糟糕的分数。我看到很多学生辛辛苦苦做了research，老师却大笔一划，写上“irrelevant”。老师非常希望学生的作业出现他/她所希望看到的东西。否则，他/她怎么会给出一个好的分数？

误区三：英文好，才能够完成好的作业

世界上最畅销的产品，不一定是最好的产品。同样的道理，最高分的作业，不一定是最博学的学生写出来的。
诚然，语言能力好的同学阅读速度更快，表达能力更高，因此完成作业的效率比较高。然而，如果不掌握作业技巧，譬如说文章的结构和论述方式，语言能力好的同学也未必能够拿到好的成绩，至少未必能够拿到理想的分数。反之，语言能力不好的学生，未必不能够在作业中拿到好的分数。
好的作业，总是让老师觉得这个学生懂得很多。如何影响老师对作业的观感？语言固然重要，段落的结构、解释观点的方法、副标题等等，都是很重要的环节，虽然这些细节很少被大家注意。一个老师每天要改几十份作业，重复性那么大的工作让人焦虑和烦躁。如何让老师知道你已经掌握足够的知识？技巧很重要。
   因此，写作业就象征婚，将自己的优点尽可能放大，将自己的缺点尽可能缩小。不怕刨牙，只要懂得笑不露齿，不怕皮肤黑，那是喜欢户外运动，不怕个头低，只要找准增高鞋。

  误区四：写作业要满足字数要求

  写作业就象女人穿衣服，多一点少一点无所谓，关键是丈夫接受和喜欢。
很多学生写作业总是紧张地查看自己的字数，怕过多或者过少。任课老师在作业上设字数限制，主要目的是为了提醒学生要长话短说。如果字数超过3000，任课老师是怕学生偷懒，该写的没写。
  因此，老师在改作业的时候，不会忙不迭地看作业的字数，然后决定作业是得A还是得C。更多的时候，老师只在乎作业有多少单词是充字数，有多少耐读的东西让他爱不释手。
该写的大书特书，不该写的能省则省，才是高分的关键。

   误区五：语法不重要

   写作业就象举办奥运会，七分靠本事，三分靠门面。语法对两者都有大用。
   很多学生认为语法在作业占的比重很低，一般只有5-10%，所以不加以重视。事实上，语法对作业的影响很大。
首先，语法错误少的作业更加容易得到老师的尊重。老师感觉到学生对待作业的认真，往往容易给一些感情分。
其次，语法错误减少，老师阅读学生的作业更加轻松，更加能够明白学生的观点。反之，如果语法错误满目皆是，老师会失去认真阅读的耐心，草率给出一个分数。
同样的观点，同样的知识，不同的语法能力，得到的是完全不同级别的分数。

   误区六：TURNITIN法力无边

写作业要学金融大鳄索罗斯，将投机合法化。
“天下文章一大抄”。优秀的作业都是抄出来的，如果不抄，就只能用自己的观点去写，后果就是写不出老师需要的内容。随便打开任何作业的要求，不难发现有这么一句话——“you should refer to academic journals, textbooks and other sources for relevant theories”（“你需要参考学术报刊，课本和其他资源获得相关理论”）。仔细阅读这句话，不难发现，大学鼓励学生拾人牙慧。引用和抄袭是同义词。抄得好，就是引用，抄不好，就是抄袭。
因此，“抄”是一门艺术。大家不要以为只有本科生才“抄”，随便打开任何硕士或者博士生的毕业论文，里面都有一个可爱的部分叫“literature review”。这个冠冕堂皇的“review”，就是抄袭前人文章的集中营。既然博士的文章可以上大雅之堂，本科生的文章就绝对不是下三滥，更不可能命丧Turnitin.
很多学生在写作业的时候，对引用书本的话是又爱又恨。爱的是方便，恨的是危险。Turnitin给人感觉是个无所不能、明察秋毫的杀人软件，可以让任何抄袭无所遁形。
事实上，引用书本的话有很多技巧。在语法上，我们可以通过修改语法结构，使用近义词等方式，让原话改头换面。如果我们还有忧虑，大可以通过增加例子、深入阐述的方式，让原话彻底收归己有。在人类的智慧面前，Turnitin这种呆板的软件，是束手无策的。我们的培训，会教授大家“抄”的技巧。
   
  误区七：慢工出细活

   做作业不能象广东人煲老火汤，慢火出好汤；做作业要象涮羊肉，涮得快，才有感觉。
   很多学生写作业总是写写停停，停停写写，今天安排写两段，明天安排写三段，以为这样推敲斟酌，才能够写出好作业。
   这种思维最大的问题，就是作业会失去连续性。句子之间缺乏连贯性，而段落衔接不好，会给老师留下一个敷衍作业的印象。此外，作业贵在一气呵成，否则第二天重新再写，往往需要很长的时间去回想昨天写过的内容和思考遗忘的观点，影响作业完成的效率。如此一来，很多学生就情愿花钱找人写，认为自己没有时间去完成作业。这种依赖的心理一旦形成，学生就不会相信自己的实力和能力。

   误区八：APA Reference很重要

   很多同学总要花一个钟头检查自己的APA Reference格式，是否斜体，是否漏了句号，等等。APA Reference固然重要；然而，除非明显的错误，否则老师不会眯着眼睛，对照你的Reference是否有丝毫错误。
   在考虑reference的质量过程中，老师会参考两个因素：
一，        作业所依赖的参考资料是否和作业相关。
二，        参考资料是否来自学术报刊和书籍。

只要满足这两个要求，APA reference就能让老师心满意足。我们的作业培训，如何提高APA Reference的质量是一个重要的技巧。一个漂亮的APA Reference List，让老师觉得学生付出了莫大的努力，是获得高分的关键。

误区九：越复杂越好

   很多同学以为用复杂的句子，或者单词，就会得到老师的好感。这是一个错误的观念。大学作业不是语言考试，不需要使用复杂的从句，也不需要使用鲜见的单词。用简单的句子，和恰当的单词，展示对某个论题的理解和知识，就足以获得很好的分数。
   
   误区十：找中文资料，用英文翻译

   我不久前知道这个古老的方法。这种方法非常拙劣，效果非常低。
   首先，很多中文资料本身就有问题，不能够作为有效的观点。
   其次，不能够提供有效的reference
   再者，学生的语言水平不足，很难将资料有效地翻译，然而使作业不伦不类。

pavilion

实用！特别项这句：写作业就象征婚，将自己的优点尽可能放大，将自己的缺点尽可能缩小。不怕刨牙，只要懂得笑不露齿，不怕皮肤黑，那是喜欢户外运动，不怕个头低，只要找准增高鞋。
一句中的。

顾家北

many students have long struggled with C or C-, without knowledge of how to study efficiently and competently.

A good command of learning skills can make education easy, and of course life easy.

imagine that in work, you have to prepare many CVs, reports, memos and emails, you would feel helpless and desperate if without strong support from good research skills, writing skills and a good idea of how to convey your ideas clearly to the audience.

顾家北

for those who have questions about tutorial, please join QQ group: 69471109

顾家北

about MBR's first essay

there are a number of issues you might raise for this assignment
SS
communication skills (active listening)
stereotyping, different perceptions
principled negotiation
management
organisational culture (in favour of communication)
power
motivation

for each theory, you might discuss the issue and then suggest a solution.

翊lx

这个大哥人很好的，

翊lx

大家可以请他帮忙。

MINI~

啊。。。老师你真的好厉害啊。。。

MINI~

谢谢帮忙点拨critical thinking的问题
不过我发现自己犯了烂找资料的错误
。。。。 。。。。
下回一定得 注意 了
不知道前两次的EASSY怎么个分数
伤心啊 莉娜

顾家北

some students might be struggling with answering the question about limitation of the report.

the report requires you to use financial data from previous years, but the economic environment is turbulent. an organisation's financial performance might vary considerably because of the ups and downs of the economy. for this reason, the limitation of the report is that it does not discuss how the changing economic environment has possibly affected the organisations' prosperity. This is the main limitation of the organisation.

in finance and accounting, we are interested in the analysis of financial and non-financial information (quantitative and qualitative information). this report is concerned about the financial aspect. this is another limitation.

[ 本帖最后由 顾家北 于 2009-8-22 00:03 编辑 ]

顾家北

you should focus on 3 models
unitary model
pluralistic model
radical model

in the last two models, power imbalance between the employer and the employee is recognised and taken as a major factor driving  the discussion about industrial relations.

女巫的宠物猫

顾家北。。。。偶像！！

顾家北

Assignment tutorial (40 Dollars one hour)
针对每个作业, 辅导内容包括:
审题, 找观点, 寻找相关材料和文章, 写中心句, 如何拓展段落, 关键词的翻译 (每个作业一般辅导1- 1.5小时)
科目: 包括所有商科, 心理学, 幼儿教育,语言学等

Other services:
Proofreading (50 dollars per thousand words)
Exam tutorial (30 dollars per hour)
Grammar tutorial (25 dollars per hour, 30 hours one session)

顾家北

下面是我对于这次ETHICS 期中考试的一点总结, 大家可以体会和学习



Kantism
Relevant quotes from the speech:
“This planet came with a set of operating instructions, but we seem to have misplaced them. Important rules like don't poison the water, soil, or air, and don't let the earth get overcrowded, and don't touch the thermostat have been broken.”

“you are going to have to figure out what it means to be a human being on earth at a time when every living system is declining, and the rate of decline is accelerating.”

Kantism ethic’s fundamentals:
Point one:
morality must be grounded in a value that gives us a sense of self-worth or dignity. Rationality and the freedom to make moral choices are values that enable us to do this.

Yes, there are temptations to ruin the world and exploit natural resources for our greed. However, following our rationality, we should overcome our emotions (anxious to derive benefits from the natural environment) and exercise our moral duty.

Point two:
moral principles should define actions as right or wrong apart from particular consequences (in contrast to utilitarianism).

Yes, polluting the environment might bring pleasure to many people, such as claiming land for building more dwelling houses for people. However, this is wrong if it is against our moral principles.

Point three:
We should act from duty, so our action has moral worth.

Yes, we do have the duty to protect the planet.

Point four:
Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.  (categorical imperative)

Yes, duty to protect the planet would not be refuted by any rational human being as a universal law.

Point five:
Act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your own person, or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end (2nd formulation)

Yes, we should not exploit the natural environment, because by exploiting it, we tend to exploit a resource that belongs to everybody (including future generations and those who are not able to exploit the resource or not aware of being exploited) in this planet. This is to use other persons as a means.

In the speech, there is a paragraph:
We have an economy that tells us that it is cheaper to destroy earth in real time than to renew, restore, and sustain it. You can print money to bail out a bank but you can't print life to bail out a planet. At present we are stealing the future, selling it in the present, and calling it gross domestic product. We can just as easily have an economy that is based on healing the future instead of stealing it. We can either create assets for the future or take the assets of the future. One is called restoration and the other exploitation. And whenever we exploit the earth we exploit people and cause untold suffering.

Point six
As rational beings, humans would act inconsistently if they did not treat everyone else the same way they themselves would want to be treated.

Yes, the question is whether we would want to be treated the same way as we treat other people when we exploit the environment (such as polluting water and the water is not usable for other people)?

翊lx

老师你说的好啊，帮你顶顶·······
很好理解，很好记忆，不用什么背了，帮了我很大的忙

[ 本帖最后由 翊lx 于 2009-8-29 20:00 编辑 ]

顾家北

the law assignment is about the pros of limited partnership act.

the following article can give you some general knowledge of the act.

The Limited Partnership Act 2008 ("Act") is an exciting new development in the law.
The Act came into force on May 2, 2008. This firm was the second in New Zealand to register a limited partnership for a client.
What's so exciting about limited partnerships? Limited partnerships are a modern, flexible and internationally recognised business structure.
The limited partnership regime is a hybrid of company law and partnership.
The limited partnership is a separate legal entity (like a company).
The limited partnership will own assets and enter into contracts for goods or services with third parties.
The limited partners (investors) have limited liability. Therefore, if the limited partnership were to fall on hard times and not be able to pay its debts, a creditor could not look to the limited partners.
However, for tax purposes the limited partnership is not treated as a separate legal entity.
It is treated like a partnership. Therefore, the expenses, profits or losses of the limited partnership are those of the limited partners. In other words, the limited partnership regime provides flow through of the losses or non-taxable gains to the limited partners.
This will be hugely beneficial for property investors. No longer will investors need to use a Loss Attributing Qualifying Company to obtain the benefit of losses of the LAQC.
Also, capital can be returned to the investors provided the limited partnership is solvent at the time.
What is needed for a limited partnership? To register a limited partnership you need: wat least one general partner.
wat least one limited partner.
wa written limited partnership agreement, which at a minimum covers the items required by section 10 of the Act.
There are set forms that need to be completed and submitted to the Companies Office. On registration the limited partnership is formed. It will exit until it is deregistered.
General Partner: wThe management and control of the limited partnership rests with the general partner (like a company's directors). Therefore, if you wish to do business with a limited partnership you must determine who the general partner is and only deal with that person. You can do this by searching the limited partnership register with the Companies Office.
Limited Partners are not to be involved in the management of the limited partnership. If they do, they risk becoming liable for any losses suffered by a third party who has been dealing with a limited partner.
Limited Partners: wThe identity of the limited partners is confidential. However, their identity must be provided to the Companies Office on registration.
Their identity is not available when searching the Limited Partnership Register. Nor can this information be obtained using an Official Information Act request.
The limited partnership regime has distinct advantages over companies and partnerships for investments where: wlosses are expected early on.
investments are likely to experience capital gains. centralised or specialised management is required and the start-up running costs are high.
I believe limited partnerships will be widely used and become as common as companies.
My next article will provide further information on how to structure your limited partnership.
Doreen Evans is a partner at Preston Russell Law.

顾家北

Utilitarianism
Relevant quotes from the speech:

No one knows how many groups and organizations are working on the most salient issues of our day: climate change, poverty, deforestation, peace, water, hunger, conservation, human rights, and more. This is the largest movement the world has ever seen.
We have an economy that tells us that it is cheaper to destroy earth in real time than to renew, restore, and sustain it. You can print money to bail out a bank but you can't print life to bail out a planet. At present we are stealing the future, selling it in the present, and calling it gross domestic product. We can just as easily have an economy that is based on healing the future instead of stealing it. We can either create assets for the future or take the assets of the future.
We have tens of thousands of abandoned homes without people and tens of thousands of abandoned people without homes.
Point one:
The right action is the one that will likely produce the greatest amount of happiness for all concerned than any other alternative. (this is the point central to utilitarianism. If you don’t understand this, you deserve to fail.)
Ok, the question raised by protecting environment is whether this course of action is to give the greatest amount of happiness for all concerned than any other alternative. As shown in this speech, it is clear that this action is ethical, because it has attracted support from an increasing number of people worldwide. In the past, people might destroy the environment in order to get GDP, but now people who are worried about the long-term impact of a degrading environment have appeared to outnumber those who are not sensitive to this issue.
Point two:
The right action deals with particular acts in their context

That’s where Kantism and utilitarianism crashes. Kantism advocates one’s moral duty regardless of contexts, while utilitarianism suggests that contexts can justify one’s actions. What if one chops down a tree to collect wood so his family can keep warm and survive a long winter? Yes, cutting trees is not ethical, but it might be ethical in that context. Use this example to get some insights into utilitarianism, although nowhere in the speech can you find information about a context that justifies any action to destroy the planet.

Point three:
Utilitarianism treats everyone equally
Everyone here means everyone at present and everyone in future. Everyone here means everyone in developed countries and everyone in developing countries. The environment has been destroyed by some people in their own interests while at the expense of other people. Many people get wealthy in this world by exploiting other people. It appears that some people’s pleasure is far more important than other people’s pleasure. Once everybody’s pleasure is considered, we might conclude that many people’s interest has been ignored when we destroy the environment for our own pleasure.

Point four:
Utilitarianism is concerned about long-term consequences as well as short-term consequences.

As indicated in the speech, “At present we are stealing the future, selling it in the present, and calling it gross domestic product. We can just as easily have an economy that is based on healing the future instead of stealing it”, we have too often been chasing immediate pleasure, such as a faster car, a warmer home, more durables, but this pleasure comes at the cost of environment.

Point five:
The problem of utilitarianism is that sometimes it allows trivial pleasures to outweigh serious pains.
Ok, if utilitarianism does allow us to destroy the environment in exchange for better standards of living, this pleasure is trivial compared to the pains, such as abnormal climate, global warming, barren lands, and so forth.

Note: there are some other points fundamental to utilitarianism, please check class notes to find them out. This list of points is not exhaustive.

顾家北

Virtue ethics
Relevant quotes from the speech:
If you look at the science about what is happening on earth and aren't pessimistic, you don't understand data. But if you meet the people who are working to restore this earth and the lives of the poor, and you aren't optimistic, you haven't got a pulse. What I see everywhere in the world are ordinary people willing to confront despair, power, and incalculable odds in order to restore some semblance of grace, justice, and beauty to this world. The poet Adrienne Rich wrote, "So much has been destroyed I have cast my lot with those who, age after age, perversely, with no extraordinary power, reconstitute the world."
It is called the world of non-profits, civil society, schools, social entrepreneurship, and non-governmental organizations, of companies who place social and environmental justice at the top of their strategic goals.

Point one:
All human beings are rational, and they should recognize virtue as the proper goal to end, if they follow their reason.

Throughout the whole speech, the speaker tends to stress that everybody in this planet should respect life and should be aware that life is a miracle and the planet is precious, and we, rational people, should recognise the value of thinking, reason and rationality. Because of these, we should recognise virtues such as justice and caring about others (compassion). We abandon injustice and exploitation because we are rational people who can reason.

Point two:
The life of virtue is also known as Eudaimonia (‘happiness’). This way of living leads to fulfilment and flourishing
It is interesting to observe that many not-for-profit organisations, charities and volunteers have been pursuing a specific course of action without asking for pay (as shown in the speech). This is a good example of the feeling of fulfilment. One’s life does not have to be wealthy or powerful before the happiness (Eudaimonia) is obtained. The life of virtue (exercising compassion and showing justice) can give a sense of happiness as well.

Point three:
Acting according to reason means training our feelings to conform to reason
The goal is to “have those feelings at the right times on the right grounds towards the right people for the right motive and in the right way..”

Kantism is similar to virtue ethics as both emphasise “reason” and “rationality”. The difference between these philosophical propositions is that Kantism considers feelings and emotions a counterforce that prevents us from fulfilling our moral duties, but virtue ethics accepts emotions and feelings as something right to guide our actions.
There are a countless number of organizations and individuals involved in the campaign to protect the planet. The positive feelings gained from this occur at the right times on the right grounds toward the right people for the right motive and in the right way.

It is not rational to consider this action as unethical according to virtue ethics.

Point four:
a person’s character by their free actions in pursuit of the rational end. Virtues can be acquired and augmented  by the repetition of acts.

One can choose how to protect the planet and what to do to achieve this aim. Some people might choose to plant trees, and some people might choose to protect trees. Or some people might choose to cut trees, because old trees can compete for soil, water and nutrition with young trees! Whatever action one takes, it is the will and motive behind the person that determine the ethics of his/her action. The selection of acts and the repetition of acts show people’s virtues and ethical values.

Point five:
Moral education and development is a major part of virtue ethics. Moral development relies on the availability of good role models.

As it is clear in the speech, those charitable organizations and individual volunteers are good role models. As they act consistently, we can habituate ourselves in the right action. We understand what to do to qualify us as virtuous people.

Please read the reading pact (especially those lines in bold). The article summarises main points of virtue ethics.

顾家北

Assignment tutorial (40 Dollars one hour)
针对每个作业, 辅导内容包括:
审题, 找观点, 寻找相关材料和文章, 写中心句, 如何拓展段落, 关键词的翻译 (每个作业一般辅导1- 1.5小时)
科目: 包括所有商科, 心理学, 幼儿教育,语言学等

Other services:
Proofreading (50 dollars per thousand words)
Exam tutorial (30 dollars per hour)
Grammar tutorial (25 dollars per hour, 30 hours one session)

顾家北

主讲介绍:
顾家北, 资深语法和写作培训专家, <<新东方英语>>撰稿人, 从事TOEFL, SAT 和GMAT的语法教学多年, 语法教学强调 “去繁从简, 快学快会”的原则; 长期辅导纽, 澳, 英大学生科目学习, 帮助学生提高大学作业技巧, 科目涉及商科, 教育学, 语言学, 心理学, 伦理学, 社会学等.
个人出版书籍及发表文章: <<雅思写作套路剖析与范例大全>>,  <<从雅思作文评分标准看中国考生的常见错误>>等
拟出版书籍: <<读真题背单词>>

lover886

你发个这么有用的贴也不关照一下子啊！我真的伤心到底了！幸好我还是把你给搜出来了。
老乡阿老乡，你什么时候家里开开锅啊？我好想吃吃家乡菜了，你弄几道来品味一下啊！嗨~~~！;11;
我现在快看到傻了，乍办呢~~~~~~~~  嗨~~~~~~！还真的不知道乍办了。
既然来了就帮你顶顶吧！不过你要 我啊！ 人生的感受如此~！！  听天由命了。

jason.zheng

lover886

也不跟我说一声，真是的。
有时候要给点tis过来嘛！
点解我都唔肯照顾下姐？
我都好用功咖啦！你应该要帮助下好似我尼D弱势群体先至得果哇！
嗨~~~~~~~~~！我今次死硬咯！都唔知点算好喔！
返屋几点交待喔！