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本帖最后由 AMICUS_LAW 于 2012-9-25 20:56 编辑
您好,抱歉回复比较晚,因为最近工作很繁忙。您的问题我做了一些调查,在这里简单回复一下。
首先,我们需要解决的是这个案子的法理问题,就是说,blackout 本身是否可以在民事上达到免责的的效果。
如果答案是否定的,对方的保险公司是需要负责的,因为对方把责任转给了自己的保险公司,在法律上对方的责任也同时成为保险公司的责任。
我查了一下最近的民事诉讼,并没有对blackout 的责任做出清晰定义。同时查了一下刑事诉讼对blackout 的法理解释,刑法把blackout 分成两种类型,如果是可以预见的,就是说以前常常发生的情况,那么这个driver 就不应该开车,而也应该负责(注意,这里所说的是刑事责任),而如果是第一次,而且又是医学上的blackout, 那么driver 就不需要负责(刑事责任)
(6) Foreseeable circumstances
A distinction should be drawn between conditions which unforeseeably overtake a driver and those which are clearly foreseeable and ought to be avoided. In Hoeta v MOT 19/4/91, Thomas J, HC Auckland AP29/91, H was convicted of careless use causing injury despite her defence that she suffered a temporary blackout because she was menstruating. The evidence showed that this condition had manifested on occasion over the previous 9 years. Thomas J considered that in such circumstances a prudent motorist would have abstained from driving. The appeal was dismissed.
(7) Unforeseen medical illness
Crashing a vehicle due to the sudden onset of a previous unknown medical condition is a defence that can be put forward to careless driving or operation of a motor vehicle. In Hayes v Police 7/7/09, Fogarty J, HC Christchurch CRI-2009-409-5 the appellant claimed the District Court Judge had almost reversed the burden of proof when discounting the defence of a “sudden turn” or dizzy spell due to either epilepsy or a middle ear problem. The appellant’s doctor gave evidence at the defended hearing and said it was unlikely that he had an epileptic episode but that it was possible that he had dizziness caused by his middle ear problem. The District Court Judge rejected the defence, but on appeal the High Court agreed with the appellant that the District Court had almost reversed the onus by requiring the appellant to prove that he had a dizzy spell, rather than dealing with the issue of whether his evidence created a reasonable doubt. Fogarty J allowed the appeal against conviction and did not order a retrial.
通过对刑事法的分析,在民事责任,例如保险赔偿上我认为应该这样理解:
1. 如果对方是常常发生这类blackout 的话,那么在民事上他的责任应该属于粗心大意(negligence),应该对你直接或者通过保险公司做出赔偿,作为没有预防可以预见到的事故的赔偿。
2. 如果对方是第一次发生这类事件,而且如果法庭相信对方的行为构成blackout,那么在民法上同样不属于negligence, 应该算作“天灾人害”类型的事件,没有赔偿义务。至于法庭是否相信对方属于blackout, 这是取证上的一个程序,要根据referee 自我判断的依据了,是否用医学报告,是否采纳证词,因为是当值裁判官的裁判庭,由裁判官决定。
希望我们的回答对您有帮助。 |
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